A number of years ago I was sitting in a classroom in Bible College. We were in the middle of a debate about God’s holiness and our professor had asked the question; “what is God’s primary attribute?” The discussion went on for quite a while and I did more listening than talking (those who know me may find that hard to believe, but it is true!). I had only been a believer for about three years and hadn’t really thought that deeply about God. Up until that point I had assumed that God is just God and couldn’t be broken down into categories let alone divided into primary and secondary attributes.
So, the debate went on. To tell you the truth, it was more of an argument, but good Christians don’t argue, we debate and discuss. Some read 1 John 4:8 and tried to convince us that God’s primary attribute is love. That sounded good to me. After all, I had only recently been captivated by the love of God and drawn to believe in Him and His Son by the thought of His deep and abiding affection for me. God’s love was still very fresh in my mind – like the smell of fresh air after spending a week in a cabin with 20 Junior High boys! His love was still very vivid and clear. It had yet to be clouded by years of heartache, church conflict and judgmental Christians not to mention the doubt that comes with my own personal failures.
Those on the other side of the discussion were the “holy crowd”. Holiness was God’s primary attribute, they said. They argued from Isaiah and 1 Peter and claimed that everything God did, He did out of holiness. He loved a holy love. He judged a holy judgment. Holiness was the overriding attribute and every other attribute flowed from that, they said. I kind of agreed with that side as well, but I had several problems.
The debate didn’t seem right to me. For some reason, even as a young believer, I felt that we were comparing apples to oranges. The thought of holiness as an attribute of God didn’t sit right with me. I could understand love. I could see how that was one of God’s attributes, but holiness? I couldn’t quite place my finger on why I was feeling this conflict. A feeling of uneasiness crept in and I began what would be a long journey of discovery – 15 years and counting.
I believe I figured out what the conflict was. I think I have found the source of my uneasiness and that brings me to the second problem I was having. What did holiness mean? Spend four years in a Bible College and you will hear the word holy used over and over again. Live holy lives. Be holy. Engage in holy relationships. Practice holiness. Pursue holiness. God is holy. Jesus is holy. Holy Bible. Holy ground. Holy, holy, holy. But, no one ever DEFINED holiness. It seemed as if the word holy was simply being used to make a statement or elicit a reaction – to make everyone jump up and say AMEN! But, it was used in so many different ways and always in a different context.
In the subsequent years, I have found that no one really seems to agree on exactly what holiness means. Maybe I am imagining this, but I sense some tension when holiness is discussed and I think it comes from the confusion. No one defines holiness the same. Some say it means pure. Others say it means perfect. There are those who say it means sinless. Still others suggest that holiness can’t be tied down to one definition. It is too big to define, they say – like holiness is some ethereal, other-worldly concept that we can’t quite grasp or comprehend.
In my personal opinion, I think all of those definitions are wrong. I don’t mean to sound arrogant, but I believe we have misused holiness in our theology and in our teaching. For the most part, I think this misuse has been unintentional. I am sure there are some who use God’s holiness and His desire for us to be so as a means to control others and beat them over the head, but I think those cases are the minority. I do think the consequences of misusing holiness, whether intentionally or not are far-reaching and damaging.
What I am going to suggest may seem strange to some. It may even seem heretical to others. So, get your stones ready, but please do me one favor – listen before you throw. I want to suggest that holiness isn’t an attribute of God at all. I don’t believe it belongs in the same category as God’s love or eternality or omnipotence. With apologies to one of my favorite writers whose Systematic Theology book I cherish second only to the Bible, I don’t think holiness belongs in a list of God’s communicable attributes. I also don’t think holiness should be defined as perfect or sinless or pure. Why? Well, because that is not what the word means! Okay, so Webster’s Dictionary defines it as such, but Webster wasn’t Hebrew and didn’t write the Bible. So, what does it really mean?
The word holy is used roughly 600 times in the Old and New Testament. It stands to reason that the word has some significance. But, what significance does it hold? Thanks to my Bible professors, I can never study God’s Word without hearing a very loud and somewhat annoying voice yell CONTEXT in the recesses of my brain. To study every verse that uses the word holy would take up more space than I wish to use, but I want to look at a few ways in which it is used.
There are many ways holy is used in Scripture. They are used to describe holy people, a holy place, a holy city, holy ground, a holy God and a holy kiss just to name a few. If you ask most Christians what the word holy means, they will undoubtedly say it means perfect or sinless almost as if they were synonyms, but they aren’t. While a perfect people, a perfect place, a perfect God, a perfect city and a perfect kiss all sound okay they do not convey the same meaning as the former. Going a bit farther, sinless does not fit the bill either. A sinless city? A sinless kiss? Jerusalem certainly was the city of God, but sinless? And I suppose you can have a sinless kiss, but only if you are married, but sinless ground?
So, how do we define holiness? What exactly does it mean? Let me suggest to you that it is actually very simple. A straightforward definition of holy is sacred or consecrated. In the NIV there are a number of instances where the translators used holy to describe the process of sanctification – whereby God sets His children apart and consecrates them. That is exactly what holy means – sacred…set apart…consecrated. That is also exactly what the Bible is saying when we are admonished to BE holy. Be set apart. Be sanctified. Be consecrated. Be different.
Let me repeat something I said earlier. I do not believe holiness is an attribute of God. What I do believe though, is that holiness is the sum total of all God’s attributes. He is holy because He is perfect. He is holy because He is sinless. He is holy because He is pure, righteous, omnipotent, omniscient, omnipresent, etc. In a nutshell, God is holy because He is completely set apart from anything in all creation. There is nothing like Him.
In a similar way, God commands His people to be holy…to be different. In one sense, we are already holy. God has set us apart. He has sanctified us and purified us by the blood of Jesus Christ. He has called us and adopted us into His family. Jesus said as much in John 17:9; I pray for them. I am not praying for the world, but for those you have given me, for they are yours. Jesus made a very clear distinction between His people and the world. He had set them apart from the rest of creation and made them holy.
In another sense, God wants His children to live holy lives, to live sanctified lives, to live lives that are set apart from the rest of the world. This does not presuppose that God expects perfect, sinless children. He knows better. In fact, He knows you and I will sin and fail more than we expect ourselves to sin and fail. What it does mean is that God wants us to be different. He wants us to be set apart. He wants us to continually become consecrated. Holiness is a process. It is step-by-step, second-by-second, moment by moment. As such, when we act in any way like God, we are being holy. When we choose to love instead of hate, we are holy. When we choose to tell the truth, we are holy. When we choose to be faithful to our spouse, we are holy. Our lives may be completely messed up in every other area, but when we choose to obey in one, we are holy. We are not completely holy in every aspect of our lives, but we are holy in that one given area where we choose obedience to God over obedience to our flesh.
So, what are the implications for ministry? How does this affect our churches – our youth programs – our families? First, a proper definition of holiness allows us to encourage the people God has entrusted in our care to live holy lives without setting an unattainable standard before them. If we define holiness as perfect and then admonish our less-than-perfect people to be holy, we strike fear – an unhealthy fear – into their hearts. This is unhealthy because perfect love casts out all fear. If God’s people are motivated by fear then they are no longer compelled by the one thing that will bring true results – the love of Christ.
Who among us can be perfect? Who among us can rise to the level of God’s perfection here in this life? When we teach this way, we do exactly the opposite of what we want – we discourage God’s people. When we set a goal that is impossible to achieve, we either get quitters or obsessive compulsive Christians. The quitters will walk away in disgust. The others will do everything they can to reach a goal that is unreachable and end up beating themselves up over their failures. If I take the best basketball player in my youth ministry and tell them to make 20 free throws in a row, they will probably accomplish that goal. If I raise the standard to 40, they still may get it done. But, if I tell them to make 10,000 shots without ever missing one, they will do one of three things. They will refuse to try, they will try, fail and then quit or they will spend every waking moment trying to reach the goal, becoming obsessed with something that is beyond their ability to accomplish and feeling like a complete failure every time they didn’t reach that goal.
Second, when we correctly define and apply holiness in our teaching, we give God’s people measurable, attainable goals to reach. Think about debt for a second (most of us don’t have to think too hard!). How do we get out of debt? What do the credit counselors and money people tell us? Do they suggest we pay the minimum payment on every credit card? Why not? Because we wouldn’t make any progress. What they tell us is to pay off one at a time. We don’t ignore the other bills because then we would be in trouble, but we focus the majority of our energy on one credit cart and pay it off. Then we move to another and then another. Pretty soon, we are almost out of debt and we start to realize the freedom that comes from being in that position and we will want that freedom in every area of our finances.
The same can be said about holiness. When we teach God’s people that holiness is perfection or sinlessness and then admonish them to be holy it’s like weighing them down with a load of credit card debt and telling them to pay it all off NOW! But, when we set measurable, reasonable goals before them and encourage them to meet those goals one at a time, they will soon begin to see that living holy lives is not an impossible task. When they begin to experience the freedom that comes from experiencing what it is like to be holy in a given aspect of their life, they will want more. When they get a taste of the freedom that comes from obeying God – even in its smallest degree – they will hunger for more.
I realize there are those who are reading this who have 1 Peter 1:16 loaded in their theological arsenal. It is true that God commands His people to be holy as He is holy. Nothing I have written thus far contradicts that statement for one simple reason. God is much more forgiving, gracious, realistic and reasonable with us than we with each other.
Jesus had some very harsh words for the religious leaders of His day. He condemned them for their hypocrisy, their greed and their hardened hearts. He also condemned them for the way in which they tied “up heavy loads and put them on men’s shoulders” (Matthew 23:4). I fear we do something similar though with less malicious intent, when we wrongly define holiness. We indeed load heavy loads on the backs of God’s people when we proclaim the need for holiness and allow those people to believe holiness equals perfection. We place shackles on their hands and feet instead of helping them realize and live the incredible freedom that comes from knowing and cherishing Christ.
I don’t want to be a pastor who places heavy loads on the backs of God’s people. I want to help free God’s people from the tyranny that comes through unjust regulations and rules. I want the students I teach to realize the amazing joy that comes from winning a single battle and then teach them to move onto the next one. I don’t want them to worry about the entire war. That has already been won and our General is much better at that than we are anyway.